Twenty questions buyers actually ask

A gas bubble small enough that buoyancy barely lifts it. ISO 20480-1 puts the useful engineering range below one micrometre, with 20–300 nm doing most of the practical work. At that size the bubble rises almost not at all, carries a negative surface charge, and stays suspended for hours rather than seconds — which is how oxygen reaches the bottom of a 10 m tank instead of the top two metres.

Retention time. Fine-bubble diffusers make millimetre-scale bubbles that surface within tens of seconds in shallow water, so they oxygenate the upper layer only. Nanobubbles persist for hours and travel with the water body. The comparison that matters is not bubble size but kWh per kilogram of oxygen actually transferred at the point of use.

First decide whether you treat the full stream or a slipstream. Most industrial loops run 3–5% of the main circulation through the generator and return it, so a 20 m³/h unit maps to roughly a 400–650 m³/h loop. For aeration duty, size from oxygen demand rather than circulation rate. These two framings are routinely confused in quotations — always ask which one a supplier is quoting.

Shaft power is P = Q × Δp ÷ η and specific energy is E = P ÷ Q. Example: 100 m³/h at 4.0 kW gives about 0.040 kWh/m³. A deep-water unit at 70 m³/h and 4.0 kW gives 0.057 kWh/m³ because it must overcome 30 m of static head. Claims in "J per 100 million bubbles", kWh/m³ and "% less than conventional" cannot be added or subtracted against each other.

As a slipstream treatment, yes — with a defined scope. 10–40% of circulating flow passes through the device and returns, suppressing new calcium carbonate scale and gradually lifting existing deposits, which reduces biocide and chemical cleaning frequency without a shutdown. For silica or calcium sulphate scale we have no defensible evidence, and we say so. Run a one to three month coupon test before you commit.

We quote by configuration rather than publish list prices, because gas source, material and instrumentation move the number more than the model does. For budget planning, disclose flow, water analysis and target and you will get a bounded range plus an operating-cost estimate. Comparable imported systems typically run 1.5–2× the price of Chinese-manufactured equivalents.

SUS304 on the two smallest CRP models (5 and 10 m³/h), SUS316L above that; 316L throughout the FRY and LOT ranges; 316L plus titanium or duplex 2205 on OWS. If the medium carries chlorides — seawater, high-salinity wastewater, some mine water — specify 316L or better even at small flow. Material is a more common source of failure than model selection.

Chemical tolerance and flux. SiC withstands pH 1–14, so it can be cleaned with strong acid and caustic when flux drops; polymeric membranes degrade under that regime. Pure-water flux is in the ≥2000 LMH/bar class and the material life is quoted at 20 years. The trade-offs are unit cost, brittleness and a hard requirement for proper pre-treatment.

No. It describes the chemical stability of the membrane material under specified pre-treatment and correct cleaning. Real replacement intervals depend on feed quality, cleaning discipline and the flux you design to. Design at a fraction of the quoted flux — sizing a membrane system at its catalogue flux is the most common mistake in the category.

China publishes the GB/T 42842 series for fine bubble technology; GB/T 42842.3-2026, covering hard flooring surfaces, was published in 2026 and takes effect on 1 November 2026. Internationally, ISO/TC 281 has published the ISO 20480 series on terminology, classification and generation methods, with 40 items published and 16 in development. The practical value for buyers is that acceptance criteria can cite a standard number instead of a brochure.

We do not claim nanobubbles pass through intact cell walls — the size does not fit the transport channels involved. We do not subtract the specific energy of a passive static device from the measured energy of a gas-injection unit, because the bases differ. We do not quote market-size figures from report sites that publish no methodology. Our limits page documents these in full.

Every figure on the site carries a source: DOI for papers, standard numbers with publication and effective dates, client names and original links for cases, announcement numbers for public procurement. Content we could not verify sits on a separate page explaining why it is doubtful — including claims that would have favoured us.

Standard generators ship in one to two weeks. A packaged skid with instrumentation, or an OWS unit configured to a water analysis, runs four to six weeks. Retrofit projects add the tie-in window, which depends on whether the plant has a bypass — tell us early, because it changes the recommendation more than the water chemistry does.

220 V single-phase up to 5 m³/h (LOT and CLW ranges) and 380 V three-phase above that. 50 Hz is standard; 60 Hz versions are available on request. For export we supply English drawings, nameplate data and a wiring schedule with each unit.

Yes — remotely as standard, with written commissioning sequences and video walk-throughs. On-site commissioning and operator training are available by arrangement, and for projects with a maintenance obligation we work on a resident-engineer model: one leachate project in China carries a 60-month maintenance term with an on-site engineer responsible for the system.

The NEO series has online dissolved-oxygen monitoring and automatic control as standard, which is what makes it suitable for ozone and for unattended sites. The simpler generator ranges have dry contacts and analogue outputs; full telemetry is an option rather than a default, and we will not sell it as standard if you do not need it.

Every ozone package includes an off-gas destructor, an ambient O₃ monitor and an ORP interlock with automatic shutdown. Wetted seals are PTFE or FFKM because ozone attacks most elastomers. We will not supply an ozone configuration without a destructor — venting to atmosphere is both a safety and a cost problem.

Warranty is stated in the quotation rather than on a web page, because it differs between a bare generator and a packaged skid with instrumentation, and because the SiC element is warranted separately against manufacturing defects. Ask for both numbers in writing before you compare prices — a low price with an unstated warranty is not comparable.

They are the category leaders and we say so: Armstrong developed the passive static route for descaling, and our NEO series benchmarks the Moleaer Neo platform directly. Our differences are the SiC-membrane gas route with swirl cutting, the ability to supply all four process stages (generation, flotation, hypergravity separation, membrane), roughly half the price of imported equivalents with one to two week lead times, and Chinese-language service. What we do not have is their installed base outside China, and a buyer who needs a reference plant in Europe should weigh that seriously.

Yes. English documentation, remote commissioning and export packing are standard. On-site support is arranged per project. What we will not do is pretend a Chinese reference plant is an equivalent local reference — if your tender requires a local installation, ask us for the nearest one and we will tell you whether it exists.